第 3 章 · 转弯与车道
以下是加州 DMV 驾驶手册「转弯与车道」章节的考试要点整理，中英对照。读完可以直接在上方做这一章的练习题。
方向灯与转弯信号 Turn Signals
无论是转弯还是变换车道，都必须在动作前至少 100 英尺（英尺）就打方向灯，让后方和旁边的驾驶有时间反应。转弯前的最后 100 英尺要「持续」亮着方向灯，不能只闪一下就关掉。即使路上看不到其他车辆，也应养成每次都打灯的习惯。
Before every turn or lane change you must signal at least 100 feet in advance, giving drivers behind and beside you time to react. Keep the signal on continuously through the final 100 feet before the turn, not just a quick flash. Make signaling a habit even when no other traffic is in sight.
右转的正确做法 Making Right Turns
右转时要尽量贴近右侧路缘：从最靠近右侧路边的车道起步，也要结束在同一条最右侧车道，不要甩大弯切到中间或左边车道。准备右转时，大约在转弯前 100 英尺就要打方向灯并开始减速。从单行道转入另一条单行道时，直接转入最靠近你转弯方向的那条车道即可。
For a right turn, stay as close to the right curb as possible: begin from the rightmost lane and finish in that same rightmost lane, without swinging wide into the center or left lanes. Signal and start slowing about 100 feet before the turn. When turning from a one-way street onto another one-way street, simply move into the lane nearest the direction you are turning.
左转的正确做法 Making Left Turns
从一条双向道路左转进入另一条双向道路时，要从最靠近中线的车道起步，转完后进入新道路中线右侧的第一条车道，不要一下子切到最外侧。单行道转单行道则转入最靠近左侧的车道。转弯时同样要遵守 100 英尺打灯与最后 100 英尺持续亮灯的规定。
When turning left from a two-way road onto another two-way road, start from the lane nearest the center line and finish in the first lane to the right of the center line on the new road, rather than cutting all the way to the outside. Turning from a one-way onto a one-way, move into the lane closest to the left. The same 100-foot signaling rules apply to left turns.
绿灯左转与先行权 Left Turns on a Green Light
在没有绿色左转箭头的普通绿灯下左转时，你没有先行权，必须礼让对向的直行来车。可以先把车驶入路口中间等待，等对向车流出现安全空档再完成左转；如果信号灯快要转红仍没有空档，就趁路口净空时把转弯做完。只有出现绿色左转箭头时，对向车辆才会被信号灯挡下，你才享有先行权。
On an ordinary green light with no green left-turn arrow, you do not have the right of way and must yield to oncoming traffic going straight. You may pull into the middle of the intersection and wait for a safe gap, then complete the turn; if the light is about to turn red and no gap has appeared, finish the turn when the intersection clears. Only a green left-turn arrow holds oncoming traffic and gives you the right of way.
只可左转（Left turn only）
红灯时的转弯 Turning at a Red Light
红灯右转的前提是：先完全停车，确认现场没有「禁止红灯右转」标志，再礼让行人和横向车流后才可以转；没停稳就转属于违规。红灯左转只在「从单行道转入另一条单行道」时才被允许，同样必须先完全停稳、确认没有禁止标志后才可进行。
A right turn on red is allowed only after you come to a complete stop, confirm there is no sign prohibiting it, and yield to pedestrians and cross traffic; rolling through without stopping is a violation. A left turn on red is permitted only when turning from a one-way street onto another one-way street, and again only after a full stop and confirming no sign forbids it.
变换车道 Changing Lanes Safely
变换车道前要做三个动作：打方向灯、查看后视镜，并回头检查盲点（死角），确认旁边没有车辆才移过去。当你需要横跨好几条车道去转弯时，一次只变换一条车道，每一次都要重新打灯、查盲点；一口气斜切过多条车道会看不清死角，非常危险。
Before changing lanes, do three things: signal, check your mirrors, and turn your head to check the blind spot, moving over only when the lane beside you is clear. When you need to cross several lanes to reach a turn, change just one lane at a time, signaling and checking blind spots for each move; cutting diagonally across multiple lanes at once hides the blind spots and is very dangerous.
超车与黄色标线 Passing and Yellow Lines
如果你这一侧是单条实心黄线，代表不可越线超车；要等你这边是虚线（断线）时，才能在安全的情况下超车。看到「DO NOT PASS（禁止超车）」标志，或接近视线不良的弯道、山坡顶而看不到对向来车时，一律不可超车。超车后不要急着切回原车道，要等后视镜里能完整看到被超越的车，代表已拉开足够距离，才回到右侧车道。
A single solid yellow line on your side means you may not cross it to pass; you may pass only when the line on your side is broken and it is safe to do so. Never pass where a DO NOT PASS sign is posted, or when approaching a curve or hilltop where you cannot see oncoming traffic. After passing, do not cut back too soon—wait until you can see the whole passed vehicle in your rear-view mirror, showing you have enough room, before returning to the right lane.
双向左转专用道（中央车道） Two-Way Left Turn Lane (Center Lane)
位于路中央、两侧各有一实线一虚线黄线标示的车道，是「双向左转专用道」，两个方向的车都只能用它来左转进出道路。这条车道不可以拿来超车，也不可以当作一般车道长距离行驶。准备左转时不要太早切入，大约在转弯前 200 英尺以内进入这条中央车道等待左转的空档即可。
The center lane marked on each side by one solid and one broken yellow line is a two-way left turn lane, used by traffic from both directions only for making left turns onto or off the road. It may not be used to pass, nor driven in as a regular travel lane over any distance. Do not enter it too early—move into this center lane within about 200 feet of your turn to wait for a gap.
掉头的规定 Making U-Turns
禁止掉头的地点包括：跨越实心双黄线、接近弯道或坡顶等视线不足处、铁路平交道、消防局门口以及高速公路上。在住宅区街道，只要没有来车靠近、视线良好又没有禁止标志，就可以合法掉头。在商业区则只能在路口或专门预留的转弯开口处掉头；分隔式公路上不可跨越路缘、分隔带或两组双黄线去掉头，只能利用专门的开口。
U-turns are prohibited where they would cross solid double yellow lines, near curves or hillcrests with limited sight distance, at railroad crossings, in front of a fire station, and on freeways. On a residential street you may make a legal U-turn when no vehicle is approaching, visibility is good, and no sign forbids it. In a business district, U-turns are allowed only at intersections or at openings provided for turning; on a divided highway you may not cross the curb, median, or two sets of double yellow lines—use a designated opening instead.
圆环（Roundabout） Driving in a Roundabout
在圆环内一律逆时针方向行驶，并且要礼让已经在环内的车辆。进入前先减速，找到安全空档再切入；准备驶出圆环前，打右方向灯提示其他驾驶。切记不要在环内停车或逆向行驶。
In a roundabout, always travel counterclockwise and yield to vehicles already circulating inside it. Slow down as you approach and enter only when there is a safe gap; signal right just before your exit to alert other drivers. Never stop within the circle or drive against the flow.
前方圆环（Roundabout ahead）
并入车流与高速公路 Merging and Freeway Entry
驶入高速公路或并入车流时，要礼让已经在行车在线的车先行，并利用加速车道（匝道）把车速提升到与车流相近，再顺着空档切入。除非前方堵车，否则不要在匝道底停下来，那样很难再加速并线，还可能被后车追撞。共乘（HOV）车道只能在标线是虚线（断线）的地方进出，压着双黄实线切进切出属于违规。
When entering a freeway or merging, yield to vehicles already in the lane, and use the acceleration lane (on-ramp) to bring your speed up close to the flow of traffic before easing into a gap. Do not stop at the end of the on-ramp unless traffic is backed up, since it becomes hard to accelerate and merge and you risk being rear-ended. You may enter or leave a carpool (HOV) lane only where the boundary line is broken; crossing a solid double line to get in or out is a violation.
慢车靠右与车道使用标志 Slower Traffic and Lane-Use Signs
在同方向有两条以上车道的道路上，速度较慢的车辆应靠右侧车道行驶，把左侧车道留给要超车或行驶较快的车。若你在高速公路最左车道却开得较慢，应在安全时向右移一条车道让快车通过。此外要看懂车道管制标志：白底黑箭头代表该车道「只可左转」「只可右转」或「只可直行」；「DO NOT BLOCK INTERSECTION（勿阻塞路口）」表示即使绿灯，若过不去也不可停在路口中间挡住横向车流。
On roads with two or more lanes in your direction, slower vehicles should keep to the right lane, leaving the left lanes for passing or faster traffic. If you find yourself driving slowly in the far-left freeway lane, move one lane to the right when it is safe so faster cars can pass. Also learn the lane-control signs: a white sign with a black arrow means that lane is for left turns only, right turns only, or straight only; DO NOT BLOCK INTERSECTION means that even on a green light you must not stop in the middle of the intersection and obstruct cross traffic if you cannot clear it.