第 2 章 · 先行权与行人
以下是加州 DMV 驾驶手册「先行权与行人」章节的考试要点整理，中英对照。读完可以直接在上方做这一章的练习题。
交通信号灯与路口通行 Traffic Signals and Clearing the Intersection
绿灯代表可以通行，但不保证你有优先权；转弯前仍须让对向直行车与行人。即使是绿灯，只要对向路面被车流堵住、你无法一次完全通过，就不可驶入交叉路口，以免卡在中间阻挡横向车流。务必等到能一次过清路口，再往前开。
A green light means you may go, but it does not give you the right of way over everyone; you must still yield when turning. Even on a green light, do not enter an intersection unless you can completely clear it in one pass. If cross traffic is backed up on the far side, wait so you don't get stuck blocking the intersection.
无信号灯路口的先行权 Right of Way at Uncontrolled and Four-Way Stops
当两辆车几乎同时到达没有信号灯、停车标志或让行标志的路口时，礼让右方的车先行，也就是左边的车要让行。在四方停车路口采「先到先走」，同时到达则同样礼让右方；一台接一台轮流通过，不要抢行。进入圆环时，要让已经在圆环内行驶的车辆先走，找到安全空档再并入。
When two cars reach an uncontrolled intersection at about the same time, yield to the car on your right, meaning the car on the left yields. At a four-way stop it is first come, first served, and if you arrive together the driver on the right goes first; take turns one at a time. When entering a roundabout, yield to vehicles already circulating and merge only when there is a safe gap.
左转的先行权 Yielding When Turning Left
在普通圆形绿灯（没有绿色箭头）下左转时，你没有优先权，必须先让对向直行来车和行人通过。特别要留意近到会构成危险的对向来车，应在路口内等候，直到出现足够安全的空档再左转。绿灯不代表可以抢行。
When turning left on a solid green light with no green arrow, you do not have the right of way and must yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians. Watch for oncoming vehicles close enough to be a hazard, wait within the intersection, and complete the turn only when there is a safe gap. A green light is not permission to force the turn.
行人的先行权 Pedestrian Right of Way
路口就算地面没有画斑马线，也存在「隐形人行道」，行人一样享有先行权，看到行人要过就必须礼让。无论绿灯右转或红灯停车后右转，都要先让正在人行道上穿越的行人走完，不可催促。闪烁的「禁止行走」（DON'T WALK）信号灯是提醒行人不要再起步，但已在人行道上的行人要让其走完。在「行人专用相位」时，所有方向的车都是红灯、全部停下，让行人可往任何方向甚至斜向穿越，此时不得右转。
Even where no crosswalk lines are painted, an intersection still has an implied crosswalk, and pedestrians keep the right of way, so you must yield when someone is crossing. Whether turning right on green or on red after stopping, let pedestrians already in the crosswalk finish crossing and never rush them. A flashing DON'T WALK signal tells pedestrians not to start crossing, but those already in the crosswalk should be allowed to finish. During an all-way pedestrian phase every direction has a red light and all cars stop so pedestrians can cross any way, including diagonally, and turning right is not allowed.
视障与需特别礼让的行人 Blind and Vulnerable Pedestrians
手持白手杖或使用导盲犬的视障行人在任何时候都享有先行权；看到他们在街角等候或穿越，必须停下让其先行，且不可按喇叭吓到他们，也不要停在人行道中间逼他们绕路。对于正在过马路的长者、儿童和身障人士，要多给时间、耐心等候他们安全通过，不催促、不抢行。
A pedestrian using a white cane or a guide dog has the right of way at all times; if you see one waiting at a corner or crossing, stop and let them go first, do not honk, and do not block the crosswalk and force them around you. For older adults, children, and people with disabilities who are crossing, give extra time and patiently wait for them to cross safely.
紧急车辆的应对 Responding to Emergency Vehicles
听到警笛、看到闪灯的救护车、消防车等紧急车辆从任何方向驶近时，要尽快安全地靠到道路右侧边缘停车，等它通过，不要停在路口中央挡路；若已在路口内，应先驶过路口再靠右停下。若只听到警笛却看不到车，要减速并准备停车，先确认它从哪个方向来。正在出勤（鸣笛闪灯）的紧急车辆后方，跟车距离不得少于 300 英尺（英尺）。此外，遇到路肩停着闪灯的紧急车辆，依「移过去」（Move Over）法规，能安全换道就换到远离它的车道，否则要减速慢行。
When you hear a siren or see the flashing lights of an ambulance, fire engine, or other emergency vehicle approaching from any direction, pull to the right edge of the road and stop until it passes, and never stop in the middle of an intersection; if you are already in the intersection, clear it first and then pull over. If you hear a siren but cannot see the vehicle, slow down and be ready to stop until you know where it is coming from. Never follow an emergency vehicle that is running with siren and lights closer than 300 feet. Under the Move Over law, when an emergency vehicle is stopped with lights flashing on the shoulder, change to a lane farther away if it is safe, otherwise slow down.
校车的红黄灯规则 School Bus Red and Yellow Lights
校车亮起闪烁的黄灯，是预告它即将停车，应减速并准备停下。当校车停下、闪红灯并伸出停车臂时，在没有中央分隔的双向道路上，两个方向的车都必须停车，并保持停止，直到停车臂收回、红灯停止闪烁才能继续行驶。孩童随时可能冲出，这是最严格的一条规则。
Flashing yellow lights on a school bus warn that it is about to stop, so slow down and prepare to stop. When the bus stops, flashes its red lights, and extends its stop arm, drivers in both directions on a road without a center divider must stop and remain stopped until the stop arm folds back and the red lights stop flashing. Children may dart out at any moment, so this is one of the strictest rules.
与自行车共用道路 Sharing the Road with Bicycles
右转时最危险的是切到你右侧自行车道上直行的自行车（俗称 right hook），因此右转前一定要先查看右后方，礼让直行的自行车，确认安全后再转。加州法规允许在转弯前约 200 英尺、标线允许之处并入自行车道靠右再转，但无论如何都要先让直行的自行车。超越自行车时，横向至少要保持 3 英尺的间距；若空间不足，就先减速跟在后面，等安全时再超越。
The biggest danger when turning right is cutting off a bicyclist going straight in the bike lane on your right, known as a right hook, so before turning you must check over your right shoulder, yield to the through bicyclist, and turn only when it is safe. California law lets you merge into the bike lane and turn from the right within about 200 feet of the turn where markings allow, but you must still yield to any bicyclist going straight. When passing a bicyclist, leave at least 3 feet of clearance; if there is not enough room, slow down and stay behind until it is safe to pass.
山路会车与从车道导入 Narrow Mountain Roads and Entering from a Driveway
在陡峭狭窄的山路上两车相遇、无法会车时，车头朝上坡的车享有先行权，朝下坡的车要倒车礼让，因为倒车下坡比较容易控制。从私人车道、停车场或巷弄驶入道路时，你是「加入」别人的车流，没有先行权，必须先礼让正在人行道上经过的行人，以及道路上的车流，确认安全后再并入。
On a steep, narrow mountain road where two cars meet and cannot pass, the car heading uphill has the right of way and the car heading downhill must back up, because reversing downhill is easier to control. When pulling out of a private driveway, parking lot, or alley, you are joining someone else's traffic and have no right of way, so you must first yield to pedestrians crossing on the sidewalk and to vehicles on the road, then merge only when it is safe.