第 5 章 · 停车与路缘
以下是加州 DMV 驾驶手册「停车与路缘」章节的考试要点整理，中英对照。读完可以直接在上方做这一章的练习题。
路缘颜色速记 Curb Color Quick Reference
加州用路缘的油漆颜色告诉你能不能停、能停多久。红色代表任何时候都不准停靠；蓝色是残障专用；黄色是装卸货或上下客的短暂停靠区；白色只供快速上下乘客或收发邮件；绿色则是限时停车。先把这五种颜色的含义背熟，其余细节就容易理解。
In California, painted curbs tell you whether you may stop, and for how long. Red means no stopping at any time; blue is reserved for people with disabilities; yellow is a short loading zone for goods or passengers; white is for quickly picking up or dropping off passengers or mail; and green means time-limited parking. Memorize these five colors first, and the rest of the details fall into place.
红色路缘与禁止停车标志 Red Curbs and No-Parking Signs
漆成红色的路缘代表任何时候都不可以停车、上下客或临时停靠，除非是公车在指定站点。看到红色路缘就直接驶过，连几秒钟都不行。此外，红圈加斜线盖住字母 P 的标志，同样代表该处禁止停车。
A red curb means you may never stop, park, load, or unload there at any time, with the sole exception of a bus at a designated stop. When you see red, just keep driving; even a few seconds is not allowed. Likewise, a sign showing a red circle and slash over the letter P means parking is prohibited at that spot.
蓝色路缘与残障通道 Blue Curbs and Disabled Access
蓝色路缘专门保留给持有效残障标语牌或残障车牌的人士，没有合法证件一律不可停，不论时间多短、有没有开危险警示灯都不行。残障车位旁边那块画有交叉斜线的区域，是供轮椅上下车的通道，必须保持净空，任何时候都不可停车或阻挡。
Blue curbs are reserved for people who display a valid disabled placard or disabled license plate; without proper credentials you may not park there, no matter how briefly and even with your hazard lights on. The cross-hatched striped area beside a disabled space is an access aisle for loading and unloading wheelchairs, and it must be kept clear at all times.
黄色与白色路缘 Yellow and White Curbs
黄色路缘是装卸区，只可短暂停下装卸货物或上下乘客，通常有时间限制，驾驶人最好不要离开车辆。白色路缘则只供快速上下乘客或收发邮件，同样只能停很短的时间，常见于学校、旅馆与邮局门口。两者都不可当作一般车位长时间停放。
A yellow curb is a loading zone where you may stop only briefly to load or unload goods or passengers; there is usually a time limit, and the driver should generally stay with the vehicle. A white curb is only for quickly picking up or dropping off passengers or mail, again for a very short time, and is common outside schools, hotels, and post offices. Neither may be used as an ordinary long-term parking space.
绿色路缘：限时停车 Green Curbs: Limited-Time Parking
绿色路缘代表限时停车，例如只准停 15 或 30 分钟。具体可停多久要看旁边的告示牌，或路缘上标示的时间。一旦超过标示时限，就会被开罚单。
A green curb means time-limited parking, for example only 15 or 30 minutes. How long you may stay is shown on a nearby sign or marked on the curb itself. Once you exceed the posted limit, you can expect a ticket.
坡道停车：前轮要转哪边 Parking on Hills: Which Way to Turn the Wheels
车头朝下坡时，前轮要转向路缘，万一溜车会被路边挡住。车头朝上坡又有路缘时，前轮要转离路缘，让后轮往后滑时顶住路缘。若坡道没有路缘，不论上下坡，前轮都要转向路边，这样车子万一移动会滑离车道、而非冲入车流。
When facing downhill, turn your front wheels toward the curb so a rolling car is blocked by the edge. When facing uphill with a curb, turn the wheels away from the curb so the rear tires roll back against it. If the slope has no curb, then whether facing up or down, turn the wheels toward the edge of the road so a runaway car drifts off the roadway rather than into traffic.
坡道停车：手煞车与排档 Parking on Hills: Brake and Gear
在任何斜坡停车，除了把前轮方向打好，还一定要拉起手煞车（驻车制动）。同时要排入停车档，自排车排到 P、手排车入档，多一重保险以防溜车。这两个动作与转动前轮应搭配使用，缺一不可。
Whenever you park on a slope, in addition to turning the front wheels correctly, you must always set the parking brake. You should also leave the car in gear, using Park on an automatic or a gear on a manual, for extra protection against rolling. These steps work together with turning the wheels and should never be skipped.
安全距离：消防栓与路缘 Safe Distances: Hydrants and the Curb
你不可以在距离消防栓 15 英尺（英尺）以内停车，要留出空间让消防队接水管；停得太近除了罚单，消防车还可能打破车窗接水。平行停车时则要把车贴近路缘，车轮与路缘的距离不可超过 18 英寸，太远会突出到车道，妨碍其他车辆。
You may not park within 15 feet of a fire hydrant, because firefighters need room to connect a hose; park too close and you risk not only a ticket but a broken window if crews run a line through your car. When parallel parking, keep the vehicle close to the curb, with your wheels no more than 18 inches from it, since parking farther out sticks into the lane and blocks traffic.
绝对禁止停车的地方 Places You Must Never Park
有些地方任何时候都绝对不可以停车，包括人行道上、铁轨上、交叉路口内、划线的人行横道上，以及桥梁和隧道里。即使只是短暂等候，把车停在铁轨上也绝不合法，因为火车来了根本闪避不及。停在这些地方会挡住行人、火车或车流，既危险又必然被开单。要停车就找街上合法划线的车位。
Some locations are strictly off-limits for stopping or parking at any time, including on sidewalks, on railroad tracks, within an intersection, on a marked crosswalk, and inside bridges or tunnels. Stopping on the tracks is never legal even for a brief wait, because a train cannot swerve to avoid you. Parking in these spots blocks pedestrians, trains, or traffic, and is both dangerous and certain to earn a ticket. When you need to stop, find a legally marked parking space on the street.
平行停车与安全开门 Parallel Parking and Opening Your Door Safely
平行停车的正确做法是先把车开到空位前方那台车旁边并排，再慢慢倒车入位，而不是往前硬插进去。停好后打开靠车流那侧的车门之前，一定要先看后视镜并回头确认有没有来车和使用自行车的人，因为自行车常紧贴路边行驶，突然开门撞到人，责任在你。
To parallel park correctly, first pull up alongside the car ahead of the empty space, then back slowly into the spot rather than nosing in forward. Before opening the door on the traffic side after you stop, always check your mirror and look back for approaching vehicles and cyclists, since bicycles often ride close to the curb; if you fling the door open and hit someone, the fault is yours.