第 7 章 · 法规、文档与罚则
以下是加州 DMV 驾驶手册「法规、文档与罚则」章节的考试要点整理，中英对照。读完可以直接在上方做这一章的练习题。
通知 DMV 的期限：5 天与 10 天 Deadlines to Notify the DMV: 5 Days and 10 Days
卖车或办理车辆过户后，卖方必须在 5 天内通知 DMV，否则日后与该车有关的责任可能仍算在你头上。搬家更改住址则有较长的 10 天期限，让重要通知能寄到正确地址。请记住这组容易混淆的数字：过户是 5 天，改地址是 10 天。
After selling or transferring a vehicle, the seller must notify the DMV within 5 days, or you could remain legally tied to that car. If you move, you get a longer window of 10 days to report your new address so official notices reach you. Keep these two numbers straight: 5 days for a transfer, 10 days for an address change.
SR-1 事故报告：金额门槛与 10 天期限 The SR-1 Accident Report: Dollar Threshold and 10-Day Limit
只要车祸造成有人受伤、死亡，或财物损失超过 $1,000，你就必须在事故发生后 10 天内向 DMV 提交 SR-1 报告，这与有没有报警是两回事。不论事故是不是你的错，符合条件就一定要交。逾期未交可能导致驾照被吊销。
Whenever a crash causes injury, death, or property damage over $1,000, you must file an SR-1 report with the DMV within 10 days, separate from any police report. This applies regardless of who was at fault, as long as the crash meets the threshold. Missing the deadline can lead to your license being suspended.
发生车祸的正确处理步骤 The Right Steps to Take After a Collision
卷入车祸时，第一步一定是停车，接着确认有没有人受伤、是否需要叫救护车，然后与对方交换驾照、保险与车牌数据。若你撞到一辆合法停放、车主不在现场的车，必须在该车上留下写有你姓名和地址的字条，否则同样算肇事逃逸。
If you are in a collision, always stop first, then check whether anyone is hurt and needs an ambulance, and exchange driver's license, insurance, and license plate information with the other party. If you hit a legally parked car whose owner is absent, you must leave a note with your name and address on that vehicle. Failing to do so also counts as a hit-and-run.
肇事逃逸是严重罪行 Hit-and-Run Is a Serious Crime
在有人受伤的事故中不停车、不提供协助与数据就离开现场，属于肇事逃逸，是可能坐牢的刑事罪，不论当时是不是你的错。发生事故务必停下、留在现场、交换数据并协助伤者。
Leaving the scene of an injury crash without stopping to help or share your information is a hit-and-run, a criminal offense that can result in jail time, regardless of who caused it. Whenever an accident happens, you must stop, stay at the scene, exchange information, and assist anyone who is hurt.
安全带：全车人都要系 Seat Belts: Everyone in the Vehicle Must Buckle Up
只要车辆在行驶，驾驶和所有乘客都必须系上安全带，不分前座或后座。若 16 岁以下的乘客没有系安全带，罚单会算在驾驶头上。认为只有驾驶和前座乘客才需要系安全带是错误的观念。
Whenever the vehicle is moving, the driver and every passenger must wear a seat belt, front seat or back seat alike. If a passenger under 16 is unbelted, the ticket goes to the driver. It is a myth that only the driver and front-seat passengers are legally required to buckle up.
儿童安全座椅与增高座椅 Child Car Seats and Booster Seats
加州规定儿童必须使用合适的安全座椅或增高座椅，直到满 8 岁或身高达到 4 英尺 9 吋（约 145 公分）为止，并且应坐在后座。未满 2 岁的幼儿必须乘坐后向式（面向车尾）安全座椅，除非已超过座椅标示的身高或体重上限，因为后向式对脆弱的颈椎保护最好。
California requires children to use an appropriate car seat or booster seat until they turn 8 or reach 4 feet 9 inches (about 145 cm) in height, and they should ride in the back seat. Children under 2 must ride in a rear-facing seat unless they exceed the seat's stated height or weight limit, because rear-facing offers the best protection for a young child's fragile neck.
后向式座椅不可放在有作用气囊的前座 Never Place a Rear-Facing Seat in Front of an Active Airbag
后向式儿童安全座椅绝对不可以放在装有作用中前座气囊的前座上，因为气囊爆开的巨大力道会伤及婴儿。最安全的做法是把儿童座椅一律安装在后座。认为这样做合法是错误的。
A rear-facing child seat must never be placed in a front seat that has an active airbag, because the force of the airbag deploying can seriously injure an infant. The safest practice is to install all child seats in the back. Believing this arrangement is legal is a mistake.
不可把幼童单独留在车内 Do Not Leave Young Children Alone in a Vehicle
加州法律规定，6 岁或以下的儿童不可以在没有 12 岁以上人士看管的情况下，单独留在停放的车内。车内高温或引擎相关的风险都可能危及生命，因此看管者至少要满 12 岁。
California law prohibits leaving a child 6 or under alone in a parked vehicle without supervision by someone at least 12 years old. Extreme heat inside a car and engine-related dangers can be deadly, so the person watching the child must be 12 or older.
未满 18 岁临时驾照的限制 Restrictions on Provisional Licenses Under 18
未满 18 岁、持临时驾照的驾驶人，在头 12 个月内一般不可在晚上 11 时至清晨 5 时之间自己开车，也不可载运未满 20 岁的乘客，除非有一位年满 25 岁的持照成年人陪同。此外，未满 18 岁的驾驶人开车时完全不能使用手机，即使是免持设备也不允许。
During the first 12 months, a provisional license holder under 18 generally may not drive between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m., nor carry passengers under 20, unless accompanied by a licensed adult who is at least 25. In addition, drivers under 18 may not use a cell phone at all while driving, not even a hands-free device.
酒驾、暗示同意法与化学检测 DUI, Implied Consent, and Chemical Testing
根据加州的「暗示同意」法，只要你在公共道路上开车，就等于已经同意：若因酒驾被合法逮捕，须接受检测血液酒精或药物的化学测试（例如抽血或吹气）。若被合法逮捕后拒绝接受化学检测，你的驾照会被吊销或撤销，还可能加重处罚。
Under California's implied consent law, simply by driving on public roads you have already agreed to submit to chemical testing of your blood alcohol or drug level, such as a blood or breath test, if you are lawfully arrested for DUI. Refusing the test after a lawful arrest results in your license being suspended or revoked, and can bring added penalties.
车头灯、耳机与施工区的安全规定 Headlights, Headphones, and Construction Zone Rules
加州规定日落后 30 分钟至日出前 30 分钟之间，以及能见度不足时，都必须打开车头灯，天还没全黑就该开了。开车时双耳同时戴耳机或耳塞是违法的，不论音量大小，因为你会听不到喇叭和警笛，只有单耳（例如蓝牙）才可以。看到橙色施工标志要减速，因为在施工区违规，交通罚款通常会加倍，以保护在路边工作的工人。
California requires headlights from 30 minutes after sunset to 30 minutes before sunrise, and whenever visibility is poor, so turn them on before it is fully dark. Wearing headphones or earplugs over both ears while driving is illegal regardless of volume, because you would not hear horns and sirens; a single earpiece such as Bluetooth is allowed. Slow down for orange construction signs, since traffic fines are typically doubled in a work zone to protect roadside workers.